Sodium Hydroxide essays

Sodium Hydroxide essays Sodium Hydroxide also known as Caustic Soda, lye, and sodium hydrate is a chemical with formula: NaOH. This substance is considered a very poisonous chemical. It is very dangerous and may be fatal if swallowed. It can cause burns to any area of contact. It reacts with water and acids. It has a moderate reactivity. If inhaled it may cause irritation and even serious damage to the upper respiratory tract. A few of its common symptoms are sneezing, sore throat, runny nose, and even pneumonitis. If swallowed it may cause burns of mouth, throat, and stomach. It can even cause death if you are in contact with it for an elongated period of time. Symptoms include bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea and fall in blood pressure. This chemical is a white substance, and has a texture like flakes. It is odorless and has a solubility of 111g/100 g of water. It has a specific gravity of 2.13. It has a boiling point of 1390C and a melting point of 318C. It is mainly used in producing rayon and other textile s, in making paper, in etching aluminum, and in making soaps and detergents. It is also used as a chemical and in the manufacture of other chemicals because it is not very expensive, it is used whenever a strong base is needed. In the year 1999 the Safety Commission's Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous substances. The manufacturer has the responsability to label the chemical appropiately. This substance is not considered carcinogeous. This chemical absorbs carbon dioxide and mointure from the air. It is not a combustible chemical and it is very dangerous to the environment, especially when water is present. Sodium Hydroxide is prepared industrially by the electrolysis of brine. ...

Greek and Roman Mythology Depicted in Daily Life

Greek and Roman Mythology Depicted in Daily Life Did you know youre already familiar with some of the main gods and goddesses from Greek mythology and some of the main mythical creatures, as well? [See if you can guess who the gods represented by letters are before checking the bottom of this article for answers.] You probably dont need to know Greek mythology. I mean, its not very likely that youll be in a life or death situation where youll have to veer your spaceship away from the Titan (a) and King of the Gods (b) planets and back towards the Love (c), War (d), and Messenger (e) deities in order to find your way back to Earth. Nor will it make very much difference if you fail to recognize the mythological figures behind the name of your car (Saturn or Mercury). However, Greco-Roman mythology is pervasive in Western culture and you probably already know a lot about it: The love goddess Venus, whose name is synonymous with beauty, is featured in song and art. Her name was lent to what used to be called social disease. Adonis, one of her lovers, is synonymous with male beauty. The narcissus flower was originally a vain young man. The laurel was a young nymph who preferred to be turned into a tree to the embraces of Apollo. The space mission Apollo is named after the god of music and prophecy. There is a petroleum company whose logo is the winged horse Pegasus. An automobile muffler company is named for the original man with the golden touch (f). A moving company is named for the Titan who was punished by having to carry the weight of the world on his shoulder (g). One brand of running shoes was named after the goddess of victory (h). A sink cleanser was named for a second-best Greek hero in the Trojan War (i) after Achilles had died. The number one hero gave his name to the word for a long, difficult trip or odyssey. Odysseus also devised the origina l gift that gave us the expression beware of Greeks bearing gifts (Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes). A chocolate candy company is named for the Roman god of war (d). Cereal is named for the Roman goddess of grain (j). The panic button is named for a son of Hermes (k). The list goes on and on. It may not make an appreciable difference to your quality of life, but knowing something about Roman and Greek mythology will give you insight into our cultural heritage, an understanding of the naming of space and exploration missions, and it may help you solve a crossword or two. Mythmans Mythological Influence on Modern Society Etymological Dictionary Classical Cliches Mythological References: (a)Saturn (b)Jupiter (c)Venus) (d)Mars (e)Mercury (f)Midas (g)Atlas (h)Nike (i)Ajax (j)Ceres (k)Pan Famous People BiographiesAncient / Classical History GlossaryMapsLatin Quotations and TranslationsPrimary Texts /Literature and Translations

McClelland's Trichotomy of Needs and other Concepts of Motivation Essay

McClelland's Trichotomy of Needs and other Concepts of Motivation - Essay Example Several scholars define motivation and present their own theories on how employees can be motivated to act. Motivation is the willingness to exert a high level of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort's ability to satisfy some individual need (Ribbins, 1993 cited in Nasri and Charfeddine, 2012). It is a set of energetic forces that originate from within as well as beyond an individual’s being (Latham and Ernst, 2006). Most employees would work up to a certain point but to stretch beyond, they need some kind of stimuli. These stimuli are the motivating factors that induce an individual to exert extra effort. Thus an increase in motivation results in higher productivity and enhanced profits, which is the ultimate goal of any organization. Thus managers must have knowledge of the motivation theories which will help create a motivational atmosphere.   People have different kinds of motivation and human motivation can vary not only in level but also in typ e. Accordingly, Mirabela-ConstanÈ›a and Maria-Madela (2011) elaborate on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivations are those activities that give rise to inner satisfaction and are not based on expectations of some extrinsic gains such as monetary compensation.  Ã‚   Extrinsic motivation is said to exist when an activity is performed to obtain some separable outcome. The term ‘separable’ suggests that it is an objective gain whereas intrinsic motivation provides a subjective experience, subjective gain and is not separate from the individual. This is definitely superior to extrinsic motivation and Ryan and Deci also confirm that extrinsic rewards can decrease intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation reflects external control whereas intrinsic motivation provides an opportunity for self-direction.   Threats of punishment also decrease intrinsic motivation whereas verbal praise or some similar external reinforcement may increase intrinsic motivati on.

See Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

See Below - Essay Example He became intrigued and, initially, it appeared that his rationalization was driven by the novelty of the concept. It appealed to his mind and thoughts so he started engaging the messenger in a dialogue and learned further about the ethics involved in the treatment of animals. Then he started doing research to find evidence about those reasons that could justify the peoples unjust treatment of the animals. He found none. So he began establishing his own thought. He came to his fundamental rationalization that the norm, the existing thoughts and arguments for the subject are insufficient rationalization of unethical treatment of animals. Afterwards, he became an animal rights activist and became an important advocate of vegetarianism and ethics in science. Singer like other philosophers and sociologists who brought forward the concept of rationalization used objects or phenomena or artefacts in order to explain their own take on rationalization. For instance, there was capitalism for Max Weber, the Holocaust for Zygmunt Bauman or consumption for sociologists like George Ritzer. For Singer, it was ethics in the way animals are treated or ethics in medicine. His rationalization involved a process and elements. In my evaluation of Singers points of view, I have engaged in some rationalization myself. There are points that I disagree with because they were different from or not aligned with practices that I am used to and comfortable with. I immediately began to form some arguments against his positions according to such practices. For instance, I cannot be a vegetarian since I like meat in my food, so I quickly thought about the natural order of things like how other animals kill or maim others so they can be eaten in order for them to survive. I thought, humans killing animals are within the natural scheme of

Obama and the Presidency Essay Example for Free

Obama and the Presidency Essay It has been said that every presidential election is historical, and for all intents and purposes that is correct. But that particular statement could not have been more apt than now, with the election of Barack Obama to the presidency. The past presidential election is crucial to our country, primarily because these are extraordinary times. Along with economic recession –which has seen more and more loss of homes and jobs – there are likewise problems left by the preceding government that cannot be ignored. These factors are the root of Barack Obama’s win, and have made him the best candidate for the post. Polls conducted prior to the November 4 elections have seen Americans in the working class leaning towards Obama’s camp, and for good reason. Coupled with a clear, plausible, and practical plan which addresses the recession is the fact that Obama is someone that the average American can relate to. We’ve all heard of his life story, his background; we are aware of the obstacles he has and could have faced. There is a feeling of kinship that arises when we hear him talk of his childhood in Hawaii and Indonesia, of being raised single-handedly by his mother. As such, the average American will likely see him as not only a Harvard-educated politician, but someone who understands the plight of the less fortunate. He is seen as someone who can respond to the country’s problems skillfully and more importantly, aptly. Obama will be taking the helm of a problem-riddled government, and this is not just pertaining to the economy. The Bush administration will be leaving him with the huge responsibility of restoring not only the image of this country but more importantly, restoring peace and strengthening foreign relations with the war waged by Bush in the background. These are not easy tasks, surely; but the future seems bright for the newly-elected President. Already, foreign countries have expressed satisfaction over his election, with some even going as far as saying that his victory has been foreseen long before the beginning of the elections. Such a positive feedback is refreshing, and we can expect that with Obama at the forefront, our ties with other countries will be stronger and for some, renewed. With regard to the war, it is a good thing that at last, our brothers who are laying their lives on the line will be coming home. The war the previous administration has waged has yield nothing but negative results, and it is about time that the troops be pulled out before more blood is shed for a futile undertaking. Scores ago an African-American president would have been unthinkable; and until now, there are still traces of discrimination in this country that boasts of freedom as its most valued treasure. Obama’s historical ascent to the White House is a landmark of change and hope: change, in that he has broken the African-American stereotypical images that are still very much prevalent in society; hope, in that with his election, the remaining buds of racial discrimination will be nipped. On a grander scale, Obama’s presidency does not only signal the beginning of change (or â€Å"change we can believe in†) – it IS a symbol of change. This symbolism could not have come at a better time, not only for the American people but perhaps, for the world. On a smaller scale, Obama’s election is monumental for members of the minority – who came to this country with dreams of leading better lives – and for African-Americans, both of which are still fighting for equality in this country. It may be argued that the United States has come a long way from its history of slavery, and that racial discrimination is not as prevalent now as it was before. But it can likewise be argued that inequality is still there. With Obama’s election, the invisible barrier that has prevented these people from dreaming big and living their dreams has been shattered. How? With the mere act of electing him into office, the African-American stereotype was lifted: African-Americans can now dream of leading the most powerful country in the world – a vision that has remained unimaginable until now. And for other members of the minority – immigrants from Asia, and other countries – the election of Obama is more than welcome, what with his plans of rewriting immigration laws to see past race and country, and to look more into the abilities of those who seek refuge and chase dreams in the United States of America. As for the rest of the world, Obama’s presidency is also a hallmark of change. As said, his election to office has been welcomed by other countries, and has been met with celebration in all corners of the globe, not only for the American people but for countries that look to the President of the United States for leadership. There has not been much to look up to in the previous administration a fruitless war was waged, and bigger problems like the recession and climate change remained unanswered, or if answered, well, they were addressed unsatisfactorily. With Obama, it might be a different story. It has been reported that even hard-to-please academic analysts have hailed his election, and have provided positive feedbacks with regard to his ability to lead the nation and the rest of the world. He is not a superhero, of course, but if he follows through with his campaign promises, at least one or two of the bigger problems we – and the rest of the world – are experiencing can be solved. And that is good enough. In his speech in Chicago, Obama told more than 200,000 people gathered in Grant Park in celebration: If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. Indeed, with Obama’s election to the office of the president of the United States, history was made. More importantly, when he formally takes office on the 20th of January, he will make history. He has, after all, been dubbed as the â€Å"extraordinary man for extraordinary times†.

Othello and the Virtue of Love Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Ot

Othello and the Virtue of Love  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  The love of the protagonist and his wife in William Shakespeare’s trgedy Othello can not stand up against the repeated assaults of the sinister Iago. Let us in this essay search for and comment on the examples of love found in the play.    Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† highlights the love between the hero and his beloved:    The love between Othello and Desdemona is a great venture of faith. He is free; she achieves her freedom, and at a great cost. Shakespeare, in creating the figure of her wronged father, who dies of grief at her revolt, sharpened and heightened, as everywhere, the story in the source. Her disobedience and deception of him perhaps cross her mind at Othello’s ominous ‘Think on thy sins.’ If so, she puts the thought aside with ‘They are loves I bear you.’ . . . Othello is a drama of passion and runs to the time of passion; it is also a drama of love which, failing to sustain its height of noon, falls at once to night. (141)    The ideal love within the drama is the one existing initially between the hero and Desdemona. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes the love existing between the protagonist and his wife and how it is an easy prey for the antagonist:    When Othello sums up their innocent infatuation, we must feel that he is more accurate than he knows:    She loved me for the dangers I had passed, And I loved her that she did pity them.    Othello and Desdemona are so attractive that we tend to see them only as they see each other: the noble Moor, the pure white maiden. But Shakespeare shows their love, even here at the very beginning, as dreamy, utterly defensele... ... Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire: Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.    Ferguson, Francis. â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.   

All I could hear was drilling; ear-splitting drilling, pounding through my head

All I could hear was drilling! Ear-splitting drilling pounded excruciatingly through my head! All morning workmen had been digging up the road outside my house and the noise was driving me mad. All I wanted to do was read my book but I couldn't even do that! I grabbed my book, stomped out of my house, slamming the door behind me! I just ran. I ran through the garden, ignoring my mother hollering at me and commanding me to return inside and finish some tedious task or other. I raced through the garden, past my neighbour's house, through the fields and finally I found peace! It was beside a little river, which was gurgling quietly by, not disturbing anyone. The setting was tranquil and precisely how I wanted it. I lay down on the grass under an old wrinkled willow tree. My only company was two large dragonflies, which hummed and hovered by the riverbank. I picked up my book; it was entitled, Encyclopaedia of Shells, by R. H. De Bruyne. I opened up the book at a random page; I glanced at the page number, 109. A beautiful shell stared out of the page at me, the Cypraea aurantium, a rare breed of the cowrie family found deep in exotic coral reefs. Each photograph was taken at a different angle of the shell, complimenting the exquisiteness of the shell's astounding beauty. Out of the dark, rusty golden mouth shone brilliant teeth, like that of a shark. However, on the topside of the shell there was the most magnificent golden hue, which resembled a giant golden pendant from ancient times. Now I understood why it was called the Golden Cowrie. I began to read about where to find this rare and stunning shell. The words drifted through my mind†¦ â€Å"The Cypraea aurantium can be found in the beautiful coral reef, off the coast of Australia; particularly upon the south east section of corals†¦ I found myself dreaming of scuba diving amongst the corals of the Australian coast. I was sitting on board a small boat, stocked up with scuba diving equipment. An old man with white, wispy hair stood at the helm, his creased skin weathered by many years spent in the salty sea air. The little boat bobbed up and down on the waves like a cork, but that didn't bother me. I loved being out at sea, whether I was swimming, diving, fishing or just relaxing on deck; I loved it. Today, I was scuba diving in search of wonderful shells, which could be found hidden in the vivid corals. I might also pick up some shards of coral broken off by passing boats, and photograph beautiful shoals of fish swimming in their natural habitat. The area of corals I was exploring was surprisingly far out to sea, 27 kilometres to be exact! It was a remote and wildly uncharted region and I hoped to be one of the first to explore it. Finally, after spending the first early hours of the morning out at the sea, we reached our destination. There were a few uninhabited islands surrounding us but they were of no interest to me. I stared down into the rippling cyan ocean. The little waves were foaming as they splashed against the side of the now still boat. After much tugging and heaving I managed to squeeze into my wetsuit. I grabbed the heavy oxygen tank and checked that the oxygen level was full. Then I slung my oxygen tank on my back, spat into my goggles, tied my equipment strap around my waist and I was ready. I plunged into the watery depths and began to swim downwards. After a few minutes I opened my eyes to behold a most breath-taking sight. Corals of every hue and shade imaginable glowed all around me like a necklace of exquisite gems catching the light. They were like no corals I had ever seen before; their colours were so vibrant, and each one uniquely and intricately formed. I was overwhelmed by the pulchritude of my surroundings, a beauty that could not be emulated my man. I felt out of place, as though I didn't deserve to be in this place of wonder. My heart swelled with emotion. I was swayed so greatly by the beauty of the corals that I forget why I was diving, I forgot that there were other wonders still to behold. Eventually, I drew myself out of the trance and I began to swim further. Tiny little fish swam past me, tickling me as they touched my exposed feet. A turtle swam past leisurely, gaping around at its watery surroundings. As I swam deeper, it gradually became darker. The ocean became inky-blue but the corals did not lose their vibrant colours. One thing that did change however, were the fish. They appeared to have a more ghostly appearance and some almost seemed to be filled with light. One particular beast caught my eye. It was shaped like a squid with long, slender tentacles. These tentacles glowed with an ominous electric blue light. It was odd. Although I loathed this beast, I felt drawn to its colourful strands of light, and found it strangely attractive. Suddenly, it darted behind a huge rock! This beast could sense danger. Something much more sinister was lurking nearby. Quickly, I dived behind the rock for cover! A shark was swimming towards me. If I didn't hide I would be torn to pieces. From my lair I could see clearly what was happening without being seen. I hastily brought out my under-water camcorder. I began filming just as the shark past only a few feet away from me. It was colossal! At least ten feet long! It opened its gigantic mouth to reveal rows upon rows of treacherous white teeth. Its gills flapped and rippled as it breathed. A massive scar slashed across its silvery-grey fin confirmed that this beast had fought and won previous conflicts. After what felt a lifetime, its streamlined body slipped out of sight. I gave a sigh of relief hoping and praying it wouldn't disrupt my exploration further. As the water calmed and cleared, I noticed a large wooden structure before me. It was old, rustic and encrusted with barnacles. A long wooden mast protruded from the helm, its bolts and harnesses rusty and creaky. From the mast, shreds of what had been billowing white sails floated faintly in the ocean, a shadow of what they had once been. Their ghostly appearance sent a chill down my spine. It appeared to be a majestic galleon, a ship from times of exploration. However, this exploration appeared to have gone foul. Intrigued by the galleons wraithlike, eerie appearance, I darted into the ship. I saw a latch and decided to heave it open. A shrill piercing voice escaped my mouth! A phantasmal figure floated up out of the stairway! The white bony corpse still had tatters of clothing on him with wisps of hair still protruding his skull. After a few moments gasping for breath and my heart racing, I regained calm and pushed it out of my way. I proceeded down into what appeared to be the captain's quarters. I gazed around the room; his chest was still intact, full of clothing (a little shoddier than it had previously been), a mahogany telescope with gold embellishments, and a Prussian blue hat. I examined the telescope, which was engraved with the name Captain E. J. Sharpe, 1581. Questions flooded through my mind. I continued in the pursuit of answers examining further areas of the ship. After exploring almost every crevice I found another chest, smaller than the previous one. I opened it slowly, wondering what surprises I would uncover. This chest did not contain rubies, emeralds or gold, but it did contain treasure of a different kind. The captain of this ship appreciated beauty of another kind; the chest was full of the most exquisite shells, gifts from the ocean. There were clams, scallops, whelks to name but only few. But in the midst of all these shells, gleamed a beautiful Golden Cowrie. After carefully packing all the shells into a sack, and a few other artefacts of interest, I proceeded to the surface laden with my treasure. I swam to the edge of a nearby island where I was to be picked up by the old sailor. After a short swim I reached the shore. I found a cave with a cool waterfall and began to change out of my wetsuit and into a change of clothing, which I kept in a small waterproof compartment on my equipment belt. I returned to the beach and lay down on the hot golden sand wearing a bikini, with a sarong wrapped around my waste, soaking up the sun. The sea spray blew cooling on my face. Gradually, the sea spray became heavier and less salty until†¦ † â€Å"Ugh! † I woke up to the sound of raindrops pelting down on me! I ran home as quickly as possible, my summer dress drenched and my hair dripping! I stepped inside the house and closed the door behind me. â€Å"Look at you! I told you to come back in the house! Now I'm going to have to wash your clothes and those mud stains will be difficult to get rid of! What did I tell you young lady†¦ † my mother scowled. Things were loud and stressful as usual. But I was contented to be back where I belonged.